Definition of Monopsony

Monopsony is a market structure in which there is only one buyer of a good or service. If there is only one customer for a certain good, that customer has monopsony power in the market for that good. Monopsony is analogous to monopoly, but monopsony has market power on the demand side rather than on the supply side. A common theoretical implication is that the price of the good is pushed down near the cost of production. The price is not predicted to go to zero because if it went below where the suppliers are willing to produce, they wont produce. Market power is a continuum from perfectly competitive to monopsony and there is an extensive practice/industry/science of measuring the degree of market power. As an example, for workers in an isolated company town, created by and dominated by one employer, that employer is a monopsonist for some kinds of employment. For some kinds of U.S. medical care, the government program Medicare is a monopsony.

Essay on The Pardoners Tale of Chaucers The Canterbury...

The Pardoners Tale of Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales is a structured novel which starts with the narrator obtaining twenty traveling companions at an inn. They are all traveling to Canterbury to pay homage to a saint. On their way, these colorful individuals decide to make the trip more bearable by having a story telling contest. Each will tell one story on the way to Canterbury, and one story on the way back. The winner will be decided by the inns host, who is accompanying them. Unfortunately, it seems Chaucer never got to finish the novel so there is only one story from each character. However, he does a wonderful job at depicting a lively picture with each description of the characters†¦show more content†¦Chaucer also continues to state that the pardoner has a voice like a goats and bulging eyeballs. The description of his physical appearance reveals a somewhat grotesque nature. Chaucer goes on to talk about the pardoners job and also mentions that he owns relics of saints, such as th e Virgin Marys veil, with which he earns a large amount of money. Obviously, these relics are not real so it can be easily concluded that the pardoner is a fraud, and has become rich at the expense of poor peoples ignorance and gullibility. He also earns money by preaching to the congregation. By the end of the description one gets the sense that he is the epitome of a corrupt church official. The knight, who tells a romantic story of wars and knights, begins the story telling and then each person tells a different tale. After a particularly sad and unjust story told by the physician, the host asks the pardoner to tell some gay stories or jokes immediately. The pardoner responds by saying that he will tell a story with a moral, once he has had a drink and has eaten. Meanwhile, he begins talking about his job as a pardoner. When he first gets to a town, he shows the inhabitants his bishops seal, so no one will be disrespectful. Then he proceeds to show the townspeople his relics and his various cures for cattle sickness, jealousy, and even a way to increase grain production. HeShow MoreRelated Essay on Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Evil Exposed in The Pardoners Tale1093 Words   |  5 PagesThe Pardoners Tale    The root of all evil is money.   Because this phrase has been repeated so many times throughout history, one can fail to realize the truth in this timeless statement.   Whether applied to the corrupt clergy of Geoffrey Chaucers time, selling indulgences, or the corrupt televangelists of today, auctioning off salvation to those who can afford it, this truth never seems to lose its validity.   In Chaucers famous work The Canterbury Tales, heRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing Dishonesty in The Physicians and Pardoners Tales2137 Words   |  9 PagesDishonesty and Hypocrisy in The Physicians and Pardoners Tales      Ã‚   Chaucer presents characters in the Physicians and Pardoners Tales who are very similar to each other in one important way. Although the characters seem on the surface to be mirror images of each other, they have an important underlying similarity: both the physician and the pardoner are not what they appear to be to most people. Both are hypocritical, although they show this hypocrisy in different ways.    OneRead MoreEssay on The Pardoner’s Tale vs. The Chaucer’s Prologue619 Words   |  3 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer introduces numerous characters in the prologue of The Canterbury Tales; each character possessing a distinct personality and lifestyle. Chaucer gives insight into the lives of the characters on their pilgrimage to Canterbury. The Pardoner unfurls his thoughts and feelings giving us extended insight into his own character, by providing us with a tale of his own. In doing so, he contrasts other pious figures who are introduced in the prologue, with character traits consisting of anRead MoreThe Pardoners Prologue And Tale By Chaucer Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer’s â€Å"The Pardoner’s Prologue and Tale† is important because it demonstrates how someone with power can influence less intelligent and poor people for financial gain, which was relevant in society during the Middle Ages. In Chaucer’s story, the Pardoner uses his influence and tells a tale of three men to convince the people to pay for him to pardon their sins. Chaucer’s tale and story is often used to emphasize the moral values in our society. There are many points in the tale that areRead More Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Essay629 Words   |  3 Pagesthe author of a story and the story that he writes, whether intentional or not. In Geoffrey Chaucers story, Canterbury Tales, many of the characters on the pilgrimage make this statement evident with the tales that they tell. Such a distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and the tale that he tells. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Through the Prologue to the Pardoners tale, the character of the Pardoner is revealed. Although the Pardoner displays many important traitsRead MoreHypocrisy Revealed in Canterbury Tales891 Words   |  4 PagesIn Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales he reveals an underlying flaw in society. Chaucer portrays the Pardoner as hypocritical in order to get his message across to readers. The Pardoner is shown to be the exact definition of a hypocrite by preaching to others to lead a spiritual life, while not living by those preachings himself. In Canterbury Tales, Chaucer reveals hypocritical qualities in the Pardoner through vivid characterization, tone, and morality. In the Pardoners prologue, ChaucerRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer View and Change on Judgement968 Words   |  4 Pagessocial aspects during the 1300s which included the church, gender differences, and hypocrisy. He wrote about these problems in a set of tales widely known as The Canterbury Tales. The first is The General Prologue which describes a pilgrimage to Canterbury that many people endure, but on this specific journey, twenty-nine different people travel together to Canterbury. He uses two types of satire to relinquish these opinions, juvenile and horacian. A general definition of satire is saying one thingRead MoreAnalysis Of John Chaucer s The Canterbury Tales 1594 Words   |  7 PagesAmanda O’Donnell Mrs. Joines English IV Honors 4 November 2014 Money and Greed: In Today’s Society and Canterbury Tales Money? Greed? A lot of people have some money at least. The everyday person doesn’t have all the money they want. Greed, by definition is an excessive or rapacious desire, especially for wealth or possession. At some point in time, there is always something someone is greedy for; it usually is money (let’s be honest, that’s the one thing people want the most.) People in today’sRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales - Comparing The Pardoners Tale and The Nuns Priests Tale805 Words   |  4 PagesPardoners Tale and The Nuns Priests Tale    Irony is the general name given to literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting,or amusing contradictions. 1   Two stories that serve as excellent demonstrations of irony are The Pardoners Tale and The Nuns Priests Tale, both from Chaucers The Canterbury Tales. Although these two stories are very different, they both use irony to teach a lesson.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of the stories, The Pardoners Tale displaysRead MoreEssay about Relationships in Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales520 Words   |  3 Pagescan also be found in stories about a husband and wife. In Geoffrey Chaucers The Canterbury Tales many of the characters make this idea apparent with the stories they tell. In â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale†, a distinct relationship can be made between the character of the Pardoner and his tale of three friends. Also, the Wife in â€Å"The Wife of Bath’s Tale† boldly declares her relationship towards her husband. Throughout â€Å"The Pardoner’s Tale†, the main character teaches about greed, gambling, desecration, and

Communication and Society Free Essays

Can ideas from the past be useful in our modern day problems? The answer is yes, because people do not want to repeat the mistakes their ancestors made in the past. But some of the mistakes may be repeated due to it being inevitable. After World War II, the press was free to criticize whomever they want, and it appeared to the world that our press was irresponsible. We will write a custom essay sample on Communication and Society or any similar topic only for you Order Now And when Marcos became the president, he did not want the Media to overpower him, He was the president and he thought that having been seated in the top most position he should have absolute power, he couldn’t have the media scrutinizing him for every move he makes. Our grandparents and parents use to say that Marcos reign was the prime era of the Philippines because of the good deeds he has done for the country, but little did they know that his good image is due to the fact that Marcos has a leash on the mass media to prevent news of his somewhat malicious intentions on killing journalist who publish bad news about him. Media is a politician’s biggest opponent. The use of Media might have supported the government/politicians on campaigns but when fooled or did not kept their promise, The media has the power to ruin you in an indirect manner. When a government is hiding something, it will not last long for it to come out. As technology advances, being in a progressing country, truth be told, we always get left behind when it comes to new things. We have learned to make movies from the Western World, but in the present day, why couldn’t we make movies as good as them? Why can we only make films with so little special effects? Is it because we still lack the technology to do so? The problem is with us, Filipinos already made some animation films, but due to not having met the standards of American animations, we tend to ignore it. If we have supported our own, animation might have progressed in the world of Filipino film. Why is the trend in movies nowadays having an extramarital affair with another woman? Because it reflects the society, it shows the realism about the lives of ordinary citizen in a more glamorous and sophisticated manner, and we Filipinos love that, since many of us have lives that are routine and unexciting, we spice things up a bit by imagining life through celebrities, since they have the money, the status and influence we wish we had. Why don’t we Filipinos get tired of watching the same old stereotyped characters in melodramas? Why don’t we try themes that are based on sex, crime and drugs on television shows? The protagonist always win and the antagonist is always the loser. Why can’t the antagonist win in the end, instead of dying or be imprisoned? Since most of us are all Catholics, The Filipinos are not ready to take on new themes that would contradict the belief of the Church, that evil will finally defeat the good. That is the very reason why we are trapped in a never-ending cycle of protagonist vs. ntagonist themes. We sometimes think if the news that had been reported on the television or the newspaper is really news worthy? Much likely the â€Å"Amalayer† issue, should it have stayed on youtube instead? The problem with people today is the lack of common sense. An issue concerning the â€Å"Amalayer† situation, wherein a student confronted a lady guard who was working i n a train station and that the guard was accusing her of lying. The woman was identified as a student of a known school in Manila. This was videotaped by a passenger and was uploaded in the internet, this issue became a trend in Social Networking sites such as Facebook and Twitter. Common sense would tell most of us that causing a commotion in public would easily destroy not only our reputation, but have lessen our dignity as well. Basically the role of the mass media is to inform the people and comment about the issues regarding the society, but this issue doesn’t concern us at all, it is just a dispute between a student and an employee. Will we benefit something from watching this? It was basically posted in the internet so that other people could criticize and pass judgement on the girl to how she was treating the lady guard. In our modern society, the Philippine Media clearly reflects the society, since us Filipinos are easily influenced, an example is the Korean wave in 2009, bright and colourful outfits, hairstyles that I couldn’t even describe, eating Kimchi and most of us even studied the Korean language. The television was bombarded with Korean dramas. It is not only the Korean wave but the whole purpose of the media is to influence the society, we tend to imitate what we see in television. People go to a plastic surgeon, so they can look like their favourite celebrity, some would even go to the extent of having two of their ribs remove just to have a waistline they see on supermodels walking down the catwalk. These are the circumstances that will test a person’s ethical behaviour, from what they perceive on national television, if what they will acquire is good or bad, moral or immoral, appropriate or inappropriate. Ethics not only promotes a better individual but a better society. How to cite Communication and Society, Papers

Microbiology-Difference Between a Sign and a Symptom

Question: Givie a breif discussion on microbiology-difference between a sign and a symptom. Answer: Although signs and symptoms explain the same conditions, the two concepts are completely different in terms of many characteristics (Saljoughian, 2015). According to Martin Leavey (2015), signs refer to the manifestations that the health care provider sees that gives a specific indication regarding the presence of a specific disease. Signs may include physical manifestations of the illness, injury and the disease. On the other hand, symptoms refers to the condition that the patient experiences. A symptom is one of the characteristics of the disease. It is described as what a patient experiences about a particular illness, injury and disease (Barghini et al., 2013). Symptoms help the physician to diagnose the problem. Thus, signs are objective while on the other hand symptoms are subjective. References Barghini, V., Donnini, D., Uzzau, A., Soardo, G. (2013). Signs and Symptoms. Martin, A. A., Leavey, P. J. (2015). Signs and Symptoms. InMalignant Pediatric Bone Tumors-Treatment Management(pp. 1-7). Springer International Publishing. Saljoughian, M. (2015). Signs and Symptoms.US Pharm,40(3), 50-52.

Aggression free essay sample

The policies and procedures of the setting relevant to promoting children and young people’s positive behaviour are such things as being a positive role model, showing respect to one another, praising children and young people, have and organised environment, setting boundaries, intervening calmly when an incident happens to stop the child or young person behaving in an unsafe way. 1. ) The importance of all staff consistently and fairly applying boundaries and rules for children and young people’s behaviour in accordance with the policies and procedures of the setting is to make sure every child within the setting is treated fairly for example if one child does something good praise him/her as you would any other child. Vice versa if a child’s behaviour is bad you must intervene calmly and explain what they are doing is wrong, and why it is wrong. All staff must work as part of a team and act with the same procedures to help the children develop knowing what is right and what is wrong. We will write a custom essay sample on Aggression or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2 2. 1) The benefits of encouraging and rewarding positive behaviour are that by promoting positive behaviour in the nursery they are much more likely to grown up knowing what is right and what is wrong, carrying it up into reception class and so on. Positive behaviour needs to be encouraged as the children need to know when there doing something really good e. . sharing their toys. If a child is constantly told off for negative behaviour, it will damage their overall self-confidence and they’ll begin to thin that everything they do is wrong. 3 3. 2) the sorts of behaviour problems that should be referred to others are things such as biting, this is more common in toddlers as they cannot talk or express their feelings its more difficult to control their emotions, if an older child bites ad continues to do so this should be referred to the ppropriate person. Aggression is also a behaviour problem, aggressive acts such as hitting another child for no reason needs referral. Change of behaviour in a child is another thing that should be referred this could be for a number of reasons such as abuse, any form of abuse could cause a child to change their behaviour, also things like family separation an bereavement and other issues could cause this. All these should be referred to your nursery manager or the person in charge.

Free Essays on Meno By Plato

Meno by Plato â€Å"Learning As Recollection† In Meno by Plato, Socrates and Meno are involved in somewhat of a heated argument about virtue. During this discussion, insults and rhetorical games are exchanged between the two men. During this debate, the idea of â€Å"learning as recollection† is introduced by Socrates. Socrates calls this idea of â€Å"learning as recollection† a meaningless argument. He states that â€Å"nothing can be taught.† Learning and education are not accomplished in the way that we think it is, according to Socrates. It is simply done by recollection. If one learns an idea or concept, how did they know they learned anything if they never knew it was there? The answer is that people know things through experience and memory. Socrates says that the human soul is immortal and can be reborn again and again. The soul has been born many times in many shapes (human, animal, etc.). This is not personal immortality but transmigrational immortality. The human soul, much like the actions of a human, is very rash and doesn’t think through its decisions. So when it is reborn or reincarnated, it tends to ‘hop’ into the first thing or person it sees or encounters (which is usually worse than what it previously was). The soul has learned everything there is to know. So when we â€Å"learn† we are just â€Å"recollecting† what our souls have learned or the soul’s knowledge from a former life. Therefore, it is not true that nothing is learned even though nothing is taught. All human beings passively have knowledge about everything but it is with guidance that they can come to actively know. Through questioning, knowledge is recovered from within. A good example of this is the part of Meno when Socrates questions a slave boy about a geometry problem. The boy seemed to know nothing about Socrates’ problem. However, through a series of questions, the boy actually knew the answer without knowing h... Free Essays on Meno By Plato Free Essays on Meno By Plato Meno by Plato â€Å"Learning As Recollection† In Meno by Plato, Socrates and Meno are involved in somewhat of a heated argument about virtue. During this discussion, insults and rhetorical games are exchanged between the two men. During this debate, the idea of â€Å"learning as recollection† is introduced by Socrates. Socrates calls this idea of â€Å"learning as recollection† a meaningless argument. He states that â€Å"nothing can be taught.† Learning and education are not accomplished in the way that we think it is, according to Socrates. It is simply done by recollection. If one learns an idea or concept, how did they know they learned anything if they never knew it was there? The answer is that people know things through experience and memory. Socrates says that the human soul is immortal and can be reborn again and again. The soul has been born many times in many shapes (human, animal, etc.). This is not personal immortality but transmigrational immortality. The human soul, much like the actions of a human, is very rash and doesn’t think through its decisions. So when it is reborn or reincarnated, it tends to ‘hop’ into the first thing or person it sees or encounters (which is usually worse than what it previously was). The soul has learned everything there is to know. So when we â€Å"learn† we are just â€Å"recollecting† what our souls have learned or the soul’s knowledge from a former life. Therefore, it is not true that nothing is learned even though nothing is taught. All human beings passively have knowledge about everything but it is with guidance that they can come to actively know. Through questioning, knowledge is recovered from within. A good example of this is the part of Meno when Socrates questions a slave boy about a geometry problem. The boy seemed to know nothing about Socrates’ problem. However, through a series of questions, the boy actually knew the answer without knowing h...

Social studies lesson Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social studies lesson - Essay Example To maintain the pluralistic nature of America’s society, each participant in this society should be appreciative of one’s ethnic and background while being tolerant to others. To promote appreciation of one’s ethnicity and appreciate other people’s origin, a month dedicated to commemorating a certain ethnicity shall be held which in this case is the Black History Month. Participating students in this activity will benefit in terms of knowing their own history in the case of Afro-Americans. Other students of different racial origin will also benefit from the commemoration of the Black History month as the event will also serve as a learning exercise for them about America’s past and the Black American’s struggle. In the process, it is expected that students of other racial origin will become more tolerant and accepting of each others’ racial background given the understanding of other student’s racial struggle. America is already an egalitarian society where discrimination no longer or barely exists. Racism is already not tolerated and everybody now can freely pursue whatever their aspirations are. But this freedom seems to be taken for granted. It is hoped that after this lesson plan has been delivered, the black community in the class will become more appreciative of what they have right now given the struggles their forebears had to undergo just to give them the opportunities that they now enjoy and make the most out of it. This lesson plan shall be done in succession where activities are planned in bits for the students to absorb the essence of Black History Month better. While there are lectures and video presentation, discussion and sharing of experiences and point of views are also integrated into the lesson plan to make the learning process more interactive. The games and contests designed for the Black History month are intended to be enjoyable to facilitate easier learning in an atmosphere of fun and socialization. In the

Organizational communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational communication - Essay Example Talking is a skill which is a physical ability of every human being. However doing that task in an effective manner is termed as â€Å"communication†. Communication is all about sharing one’s ideas, opinions, information and feelings.The work of managers in large organizations is problem solving and decision making. This is a very critical job as it steers the course of the society along with the economic and governmental organizations. It is a two way activity which requires a sender and a receiver. "Any act by which one person gives to or receives from another person, information about that person's needs desires, perceptions, knowledge, or affective states. Communication may be intentional or unintentional, may involve conventional or unconventional signals, may take linguistic or nonlinguistic forms, and may occur through spoken or other modes." (National Joint Committee for the Communicative Needs of Persons with Severe Disabilities, 1992, p. 2) The work of managers in large organizations is problem solving and decision making. This is a very critical job as it steers the course of the society along with the economic and governmental organization s. The job includes identifying the issue which require attention, setting goals for it, designing a proper course of action, and evaluating and choosing amongst many alternative actions. ... Decision support system is a computerized system used for supporting rather than automating decisions. A decision is ideally choosing between alternatives which have an estimate value. Supporting a decision means helping people working alone or in a group gather intelligence, generate alternatives and make choices. Decision making is applicable to all walks of life, including decisions about what to buy, whom to vote for, or what job to take. The decision making process starts with the collection of information moving on to inference and judgment before finally choosing the right alternative. In order to understand the organization in total, understanding organizational communication is very important. "Organizational communication, broadly speaking, is: people working together to achieve individual or collective goals". Katherine Miller, p.1 The purpose of communication may range from completing a task or mission to creating and maintaining satisfying human relationships. The word transfer means a lot more than the simple process of the conception of an idea by the sender and interpretation of the same by the receiver. It stresses upon the mind of the sender which created the meaning followed by the recreation of it by the receiver. The intent of the communication fails if the interpretation of the senders mind is wrong. Organisational communication can include: Flow of Communication, Induction, Channels, meetings and interviews. Most recently, Organisational communication has advanced from a stage of communication between a sender and a receiver to a study of ways in which communication is not just the means to accomplish certain tasks within the organisational settings but also how the organisation we work for, affects

Second Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Second Life - Essay Example No doubt, it has a significant meaning for businesses and economy today. Second Life is more user centred, where the user is no more a person operating and navigating from outside but can get in and be themselves yet control the environment in SL. It is built on Web 2.0 which a decade old technology that still getting the attention of developers. It brought about major changes in the website development and World Wide Web. For example, wikis and blogs would not have been possible without this technology. They allow their users to create their own content, and to customize the page (O’Reilly, 2005). In Second Life, teens can create and customize a digital self called an "avatar," fly through an ever-changing 3D landscape, chat and socialize with other teens from all over the world, and build anything from skyscrapers to virtual vehicles. It’s a boundless world of surprise and adventure that encourages teens to work together and use their imaginations (Teen Second Life, n.d.) Also, SL depends on â€Å"user –created content†; the software is â€Å"open source† (Watte & Macedonia, 2009). Second life has similar attributes like any other synthetic learning environment with a few improvements like enabling the users to create their own content, edit and control the environment. Web 2.0 technologies are about participation, convergence, interaction, usability and data driven (Kemp, 2009). These are just a speck of the whole lot of features of Web 2.0 that SL exploits to create a virtual world. This new technology addresses the growing requirement for more open and interactive online virtual worlds. SL is a successor of one of the popular virtual worlds of the 90’s- Active Worlds. With the help of Web 2.0 technologies, SL offers user controlled options and allows the user to get immersed in the virtual world. This is the

The Gothic Elements In Tim Burtons Movies Film Studies Essay

The Gothic Elements In Tim Burtons Movies Film Studies Essay Nowadays, film has been popular among people through the ages. There are kind of films that have been created up until now. For instance, films about criminal, romance, Sci-Fi, etc. Many film directors compete to make a good film. A film director is also called as an auteur if he or she is a complete film maker. He or she conceives the idea for the story, writes the script or the screenplay, and then carefully supervises every step in the film making process, from selecting the cast and finding a suitable setting down to editing the final cut. (Boggs and Petrie 308). The style or characteristic in a film are usually describing the directors personality itself. In this paper, the writer will analyze about Tim Burtons movies because she is interested with this directors work in movie making. Almost all of his movies are containing with dark and horror or it can be called as gothic. He is also called an auteur because in some of his films, he does everything all by himself. The background of Tim Burton makes him into a creative director and creates some fascinating film with the darkness but also putting some dark comedy in his films. Burton was born on August 25, 1958 in Burbank suburban. Tim Burton, as a child, enjoyed to watch horror and monster movies. His favourite actor was Vincent Price. He was the protagonist in many horror movies such as The House of Wax (1975). Furthermore, Tim loved horror movies based on Edgar Alan Poes poems like the film Raven. He was seeing his self in those films and on the face of the actor Vincent Price, because of his isolation as a child. Tim Burton himself, states that horror movies especially the ones starring Vincent Price, spoke to him. (WordPress, 2012) He was worked in Disney as an animator. Then, he was recruited by Paul Reubens and made a hit movie Pee-wees Big Adventure (1985). After that, he made another movie Beetlejuice which also became hit at that time. There are many more film that have been directed by Burton such as Batman (1989), Edward Scissorhands (1990), The Nightmare before Christmas (1993), Sleepy Hollow (1999), The Demon Barber of Fleet Street Sweeney Todd (2007), and such as Dark Shadows (2012). (Andec) As a director who is identical with gothic, Tim Burton is very professional. He is very serious in directing the process of the film making, and also he is very creative because in most of his films, he likes to make the properties of the film handmade by himself. Even though there is another professional person who can make it, but Burton wants to do it by himself. He always makes everything with his own imagination and it is like he creates himself. Â  Its noticeable in almost all his movies that the characters have dark and sunken eyes like Edward in Edward Scissorhands, said his wife Helena Bonham Carter who was also an actress in most of Tims movies. Tim always wanted a sort of, like, silent-movie-star for both of us (she and actor Johnny Depp, they both starred in The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Sweeney Todd). So we have both got very, very pale skin and then rather dark, sunken eyes. A bit like how Tim looks. You know, his usual sort of aesthetic. He loves pale, dark, sunken eyes and because hes an insomniac. I think thats where it comes from. Theres a lot of autobiography in there. But even. Its completely unconscious. He is so not a narcissist. But it always ends up, being, somehow, a version of himself. (WordPress, 2012) From all of Burtons movies, the writer chooses two films between them, Edward Scissorhands (1990) and Sleepy Hollow (1999). These two movies are contained of many gothic elements. The story of Edward Scissorhands was made by Burton himself which reflected his characters which often outsiders, misunderstood, and misperceived, and in many ways he embodies his characters into his film. (Mark Salisbury 18) Besides, the movie of Sleepy Hollow directed by Tim Burton is an adaptation from the short story of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving (1817) written while he was living in Birmingham, England, and first published in 1820. It was based on the German folktale, the story is set in the Dutch culture of Post-Revolutionary War in New York State. The lines of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow are influences of late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth-century European cultural movements. (Gale, 2006). This short story has been made into film for several times, such as The Adventures of Ic habod and Mr. Toad (1949), and the following The Hollow (2004) and Headless Horseman (2007). The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is the closest American literature that has come to produce a classic ghost story. Therefore, based on the explanations above, the writer would like to analyze the gothic elements throughout the cinematic aspect of Tim Burtons films Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow. FIELD OF THE STUDY The field of this study will be focused on literature, especially film. SCOPE OF THE STUDY This research is based on literature especially Film Studies. The writer chooses cinematic aspect to find out the gothic elements which occur in Tim Burtons movies Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow. PROBLEM FORMULATION This research questions can be formulated as follows: What are the cinematic aspects found in the Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow movie? How do the gothic elements contribute to the success of the cinematic aspect? OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of this study can be stated as follows: Explaining the cinematic aspects in the movies of Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow. Finding the gothic elements that contribute the success of the cinematic aspect. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study will help the students, especially in the literature aspect, to understand more about cinematic aspect and gothic literature. DEFINITION OF TERMS Below are the terms that will be used by the writer to analyze about the cinematic aspect and the gothic elements in Tim Burtons movies Edward Scissorhands and Sleepy Hollow: Cinematography: Art and technology of motion-picture photography. It involves the composition of a scene, lighting of the set and actors, choice of cameras, camera angle, and integration of special effects to achieve the photography images desired by the director. (Merriam Webster) Gothic Fiction: a genre of literature that combines both horror and romance or a scholarly article which states the earthly laws of conventional reality and the possibilities of the supernatural emphasizing the difference between horror and romance as genres which reflecting on the common ground that has been christened Gothic. (Jerrold Hogle) Horror: a genre of literature that is identical with the darkness, and associated with fear, mystery, and supernatural to be able to scare its readers. REVIEW OF LITERATURE In this chapter, the writer would like to explain the theories in order to support her analysis. The first theory is about film studies. Film studies is an interdisciplinary program that focuses on the history, theory, and criticism of cinema and other moving image media. (Yale) There is another definition of film studies by Richard from The Oxford Guide to Film Studies (p.3) who stated that film studies is based upon the science and techniques of film, its physics and chemistry, the practices and possibilities of the camera and the other apparatuses of filmmaking. According to Boggs and Petrie The art of Watching Film (pp. 124) film studies has a cinematic aspect which will be used by the writer to help her analysis process. In Film studies there are two aspects, the literary aspect and the cinematic aspect. Because the writer would only use the cinematic aspect, so here is the explanation about the cinematic aspect of film. The Cinematic Aspects of Film According to Susan Against Interpretation and Other Essays that like novel, the cinema presents us with a view of the action which is absolutely under the control of the director (writer) at every moment. Our attention cannot wander about the screen, as it does about the stage. When the camera moves we move, when it remains still we are still. In a similar way the novel presents a selection of the thoughts and descriptions which are relevant to the writers conception, and we must follow these serially, as the author leads us, they are not spread out, as a background, for us to contemplate in the order we choose, as in painting or the theater. Dudley on his book The Major of Film Theories: An Introduction (7) has noted that every question about film falls under at least one of the following headings: raw material, methods and techniques, forms and shapes, purpose or value. These categories, adapted from Aristotle, (Physics, section.3) divide the phenomenon of film into the aspects which make it up and which can be interrogated. The raw material includes questions about the medium, such as those which seek its relation to reality, photography, and illusion, or those which follow out its use of time and space, or even those which aim at such processes as color, sound, and the make-up of the movie theater. Anything which is seen to exist as a given state of affairs with which the cinematic process begins belongs to the category of raw material. The methods and techniques of cinema comprises all questions about the creative process which shapes or treats the raw material, from discussions of technological developments (like the zoom shot) to the psychology of the filmmaker or even the economics of film production. The forms and shapes of film is the category containing questions about the kinds of film which have been or could be made. Questions about cinemas ability to adapt other artworks lie here, as do questions about genre and audience expectation or effect. Here we are looking at films from the standpoint of a completed process in which the raw material has already been shaped by various creative methods. The purpose and value of cinema is the category which interfaces with the larger aspects of life, for here fall all questions which seek the goal of cinema in mans universe. In accordance to Boggs Petrie (112-124) identify the cinematic film like: Cinematic point of view Four points of view are employed in motion pictures, such as objective (camera as sideline observer), subjective (camera as participant in the action), indirect-subjective and directors interpretive. Elements of cinematic composition Focusing attention on the most significant object, such as, size and closeness of the object, sharpness of focus, movement, extreme close-up, arrangement of people and objects, foreground framing, and lighting and color. (BoggsPetrie, p. 122) Techniques for specialized visual effects Camera Angles Color, Diffusion, and Soft Focus Special Lenses Slow Motion Fast Motion The freeze frame, the Thawed Frame, and Stills Special Lighting Effects Gothic Literature The second theory for the analysis is about the gothic literature. There are some aspects of Gothic literature more than terror. These are the elements of gothic based on the novel by Horace Walpole The Castle of Otranto (1764) and it contains essentially all the elements that constitute the genre and this novel by Walpole has influenced not only for the gothic novel, but also the film making up until now: Mystery A part of the storytelling that helps to create the Gothic atmosphere such as burial vaults, flickering candles, evil potion, etc. (buzzle) Environment and Setting A setting that used for the storytelling in Gothic novels to shows the horror image like the stormy weather, dark place (forest, big castle). (buzzle) Nightmare The fear experienced by the characters in the novel. (buzzle) Omens and Curses An ancient curse to make the character becomes more miserable. (buzzle) Decline and Decay A process when the character reflected their behavior or their characters. (buzzle) Supernatural Events To make the story more dramatic. (buzzle) Damsel in Distress The character is usually suffering and loneliness. (buzzle) Villains This character is usually cunning and shifty in their behavior. (buzzle) Protagonists The gothic heroes, usually they are burdened by the sorrow. (buzzle) Romance Usually the romance part will have the tragedy and sorrow line. (buzzle) METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS J.1 . Method of Data Collection The writer would use the Library research: books and internet. J.2. Data Analysis Watching the movie, then searching the cinematic aspects of the film, and also searching the gothic elements from the films using the cinematic aspect. J.3. Time Schedule Month Week 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 July August September October November December Revision RM 1 and make a proposal Revision for proposal Examination of Thesis Proposal

Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club Essay -- Joy Luck

Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club Throughout Amy Tan’s novel, The Joy Luck Club, the reader can see the difficulites in the mother-daughter relationships.   The mothers came to America from China hoping to give their daughters better lives than what they had.   In China, women were â€Å"to be obedient, to honor one’s parents, one’s husband, and to try to please him and his family,† (Chinese-American Women in American Culture).   They were not expected to have their own will and to make their own way through life.   These mothers did not want this for their children so they thought that in America â€Å"nobody [would] say her worth [was] measured by the loudness of her husband’s belch†¦nobody [would] look down on her†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3).   To represent everything that was hoped for in their daughters, the mothers wanted them to have a â€Å"swan- a creature that became more than what was hoped for,† (3).   This swan was all of the mothers’ good intentio ns.   However, when they got to America, the swan was taken away and all she had left was one feather. America was not everything the mothers had expected for their daughters.   The mothers always wanted to give their daughters the feather to tell of their hardships, but they never could.   They wanted to wait until the day that they could speak perfect American English.   However, they never learned to speak their language, which prevented them from communicating with their daughters.   All the mothers in The Joy Luck Club had so much hope for their daughters in America, but instead their lives ended up mirroring their mother’s life in China.   All the relationships had many hardships because of miscommunication from their different cultures.   As they grew older the children realized that their ... ... and in her hurry to get away, she (falls) before she even reach(s) the corner,† (87).   This foreshadows the relationship between the mothers and daughters in The Joy Luck Club.   The daughters can not understand the reasoning behind their mothers’ decisions.   However, the mothers realize their daughters are so much like them and they do not want this to happen.   The daughters grow up being â€Å"Americanized,† but as they grow older they begin to want to understand their Chinese culture.   All of the characters learned many valuable lessons that will be passed on to their own children. Work Cited Chinese-American Women in American Culture.   http://www.ics.uci.edu/~tdo/ea/chinese.html Roella. http://members.tripod.com/~Roella/AmyTan/ Tan, Amy.   The Joy Luck Club.   New York.   Ivy Books.   1989. Tavernise, Peter.   http://www.mindspring.com/~petert/tan.htm

Love in 4 pre 1940 poems Essay

What differences have you found in the presentation of attitudes to love in any 4 of the pre 1940 poems I am going to write about 4 different poems and about there differences and similarities The 4 poems i have chosen to write about are: To Celia – by Ben Jonson To His Coy Mistress – Andrew Marvell My Picture – By Abraham Cowley Shall I Compare thee†¦? – By William Shakespeare The predominant attitude to love before nineteen-fourteen was to base affection purely on surface qualities and not the internal qualities. Some of the poems support and others contradict this view. I am going to explore the different attitudes to love in poems written before nineteen-fourteen by Shakespeare, Jonson, Cowley and Marvell. The main purpose of Shakespeare’s sonnet, â€Å"Shall I compare thee†¦? † is to immortalise his beloved through his own poetry. The sonnet is initially seen as typical of the love poetry of Elizabethan England because he is comparing his beloved to nature’s beauty However, Shakespeare takes the Elizabethan love poem a step further by explaining that his beloved is, in fact, not to be viewed at all like this: â€Å"And every fair from fair sometime declines†. The sonnet is split into three quatrains with a rhyming couplet to end the poem. Shakespeare uses examples of natural beauty to explain that his beloved is not as beautiful as these exquisite natural beauties, but will last longer and will stay even more beautiful inside: â€Å"But thy eternal summer shall not fade† He reveals that she is, in fact, is even more beautiful than the summer as her beauty will never fade. Shakespeare appears to be very mature in his views on love and talks realistically rather than in a passionate moment. Shakespeare used a conventional form of poetry to praise poetry and his beloved. He boasted that both would be preserved nearly eternally. Five hundred years later, no one refutes his boast. On the other hand, â€Å"To Celia† is an example of the idolatry that the Shakespeare sonnet mocks. Jonson likens his beloved to a goddess, giving her special powers beyond realistic measure. He writes lyrically and expresses deep personal emotions about love as someone who was foolishly and passionately in love would do, using many exaggerated metaphors and vivid language phrases: â€Å"But might I of Jove’s nectar sup, I would not change for thine. † He attempts to show the extent of his love for her, by telling her, that even if he was offered to drink from the Holy Grail, he would prefer to drink from her cup. Using religion to express love was very popular in love poetry at that time, as it was viewed as extremely important part of their culture. In â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, Marvell’s beloved is also not idolised, as in â€Å"To Celia† but he does use excessive flattery as a persuasive device. This makes many of the supposedly devoted phrases he uses seem false. â€Å"An hundred years should go to praise Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze† He exaggerates how beautiful he thinks she is by likening her to a Goddess who should be worshipped, hoping that this will convince her of his love. The Shakespeare sonnet makes references to the five senses. Jonson’s â€Å"To Celia†, written at a similar time, also refers to the senses: â€Å"Drink to me, only, with thine eyes† Marvell writes â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† in 1621, also attempting to persuade, like Jonson. This time not to get his beloved to love him, but to persuade her to sleep with him. Both men are seen to be being rejected whereas in the Shakespeare sonnets, it is obvious that the couples are very much in love already. The poem â€Å"My picture† by Abraham Cowley is similar to â€Å"To Celia†, as both women are the two men’s life forces. They imply in their poems that if the women were not there, then their lives would be worthless and they would die. In â€Å"My picture† Cowley gives his beloved a picture and he implies that if she is not in his life then the picture will no longer look the same. This is even though the picture has only recently been drawn, because he will have withered away as he has been out of her presence. As you can see both in â€Å"My Picture† and â€Å"To Celia† both men rely on the two women to keep them alive. If we look at the poem â€Å"My Picture† by Cowley the words he has used looked quite forced as if he has just used them to make the poem rhyme. I think however that Cowley has tried to make the poem quite light hearted by using simplicity with the rhyming- â€Å"The next sun’s rising will behold Me pale, and lean, and old. † – We can see from this small extract the simplicity of the poem and also the way Cowley has just used words that fit but therefore look forced. However if we look again at the language of â€Å"To Celia†, Ben Jonson has used quite complicated language that some might find hard to understand – â€Å"Deserts of vast eternity† Doth ask a drink divine; But might I of Jove’s nectar sup, I would not change for thine The poem â€Å"To Celia† has a rhyming scheme ABCB. Ben Jonson has made the words of the poem flow really well – â€Å"Drink to me only with thine eyes, And I’ll not look for wine Or leave a kiss but in the cup And I’ll not look for wine† As you can see by reading this the words Ben Jonson has used do not seem as if he has just used them because they rhyme, he has simply used them because these chosen words are telling his story. If we look at the poem â€Å"Shall I compare thee†¦ † by Shakespeare the language he has used is simple and easy to read. The poem is also understandable unlike parts of â€Å"To Celia† by Ben Jonson. In conclusion we can see that all four poems however being similar in some way also have there on qualities and downsides. In Shakespeare’s sonnet he tries to say that beauty on the inside will last forever however beauty on the outside will be destroyed one day. On the other hand Marvell writes his poem to persuade his beloved, not to adore her. Jonson writes to try and tell his beloved how much he loves her as he is desperate to be with her.

Jeffersons Party Essays - Politics Of The United States

Jefferson's Party Essays - Politics Of The United States Jefferson's Party The view that many believe while studying our countrys political history is the Federalist Party was a dedicated supporter of a strong central government. They believed that the Constitution was a document that needed to be molded and amended in order to meet the needs of the country. The traditional view of the Democratic- Republican party is that they support states rights and feel that most of the governing of the country should be done on the state level. The Democratic- Republicans, or Jeffersonian Republicans, also believed in reading the Constitution fundamentally and grant the government powers that were addressed in the document. These views are the basic principals that each of parties are based upon. It can be seen in Jeffersons statement to Gideon Granger that it, is surely best that the states are independent and to everything within themselves, and united as to everything respecting foreign nations. Contrary to traditional characterization of both the Federalist and Democratic Republican parties, politicians would break away from the conventional party platforms and support issues that they felt strongly about. For instance, Daniel Webster, a Federalist from New Hampshire spoke out against an overly aggressive government with the issues regarding drafting citizens into the military. The typical Federalist would feel that a draft was necessary in order to defend the country, and although the Constitution did not specifically address the situation, amendments should be made for our national interest. Jefferson himself was a prime example of an idealistic politician who put the good of the country over his Republican values. The Louisiana Purchase was performed in a manner with which many conventional Democratic Republicans would argue against. Jefferson bent and shaped the Constitution into a document that allowed him to double the size of the country. He was willing to compromise with his original values in order to improve and fortify America. Jefferson told Samuel Kercheval, Some men look a constitutions with sanctimonious reverence..to sacred to be touched. But I know also, that laws and institutions must go hand in hand with the progress of the human mind. The powerful statements made by Jefferson, Webster and many other politicians prove that it is often necessary to compromise individual ideas for the good of an entire country. This basis of compromise is the true foundation of our government and our history.

Advanced Selling Strategies †Business 500 Level Book Summary

Advanced Selling Strategies – Business 500 Level Book Summary Free Online Research Papers Advanced Selling Strategies–Business 500 Level Book Summary Most sales success comes from the mind. Performance is a function of attitude, skills and action. By accepting complete responsibility, we undertake our own creative force and end up making things happen. The intensity to produce results creates results, which feeds the desire to create more results. There are seven mental laws of selling. The Great Law, or of cause and effect; Compensation, or of sowing and reaping; Control, which affects feelings; Belief, and with emotion creates reality; Concentration, with which what is dwelled upon grows and expands in the mind; Attraction, where you attract similar minded people; Correspondence, where your outer mind is a mirror of the inner mind. There are seven exercises to achieve mental fitness. These are positive: self talk, self imaging, mental food, people, training and development, health habits, and positive actions. Salespeople should always perform an analysis of there strengths and weaknesses and at the same time ensure their mission statements match their values and beliefs. The biggest fear of selling is the fear of rejection. Conversely, the biggest fear of buying is the fear of failure – people don’t like to be criticised or question by their friends. Everyone wants to be a Mr. or Mrs. Jones, so why look different, save the embarrassment. And everyone who has a negative buying experience files the experience away to further fuel more anger and resentment the next time. Which is why there are so many buyer reactions, but most of them could be categorized into specific sets. The critical factor in selling today is to help people reduce their perceived exposure to risk. Risk increases with the size of the sale and becomes directly apparent to a buyer in direct proportion to their unfamiliarity with the sales person. Therefore successful salespeople position their products as the low risk product, but before they do this, they build trust with buyers. Salespeople need to ‘relieve the tension’. So, rather than the old dog style of selling, today 40% of the sales process is building trust, 30% diagnosis, 30% presenting and closing (or closing while presenting). Listening is everything. God gave us two ears and one mouth so we could use them in that proportion in order to help us to learn how to trust each other. Listening develops character, and is a self discipline which must be practiced. Listening means listening attentively, and practicing how to shut up (especially when asking for the sale) and learning to pause before replying. Seven steps towards relationship building include: never criticising, never complain, never condemn, always approve, accept and appreciate with admiration the beliefs and opinions of clients. And, give them the attention and agreement they need from you. Building MEGA CREDIBILITY means everything counts. Every piece of evidence that proves a clients delight with the company or sales person must be recorded as precisely, concisely and clearly as possible. Photos, highlighted letters, testimonials etc, must be maintained in a presentation format for future customers to absorb before the sales person even starts talking about his/her product. When it comes to people buying from you, there seems to be a Law of Duality, of primary and secondary, of reasons that sound good and the real more subtle hidden reasons. Find the secondary reasons then you’ve found the green ‘hot’ button to trigger the client to buy from you. A salesperson should think like a doctor and ask, â€Å"Where does it hurt†? The goal is to take the pain away, do the deeds that solve the most pressing needs. This means discovering the both the primary positive motivators, and really working on that one big green button on his chest. We must remember our clients make most of their judgments about us within the first four seconds of meeting us. It’s almost as if their final judgments of us are made in those four seconds. And they certainly confirm those judgments as soon as we open our mouths. So leave nothing to chance dress, smile, smell, appear, time, stand perfectly before the client. Prospecting is the filling of the sales pipeline. One good way to fill the pipeline is to examine past clients: what do they all have in common that made them buy from you in the first place? What are they all attempting to avoid or achieve? When phone prospecting, the first objective is simply to sell an appointment (to get ten minutes of time to meet face to face). A well formulated opening statement such as the idea, benefit or result of what is being sold must be developed, such as, â€Å"would you be interested in a 100% written guarantee that your property will be sold for the highest possible price and without costing you absolutely any money in the process?†. Never tell over the phone how this is done, simply ask for the time to show how it’s done. Presenting in sales is made easier by examining and diagnosing the client first. But the sale is made in the presentation too, which means although the presentation makes only a fraction of the effort required to win the sale, the effort to win in the presentation is made easier by the understanding the green hot button needs of the client first. It means simply â€Å"Gap Analysis† – be the detective that finds the problem, then let’s the client feel how wide that gap is, and how you’re going to bridge that gap with a solution. The most important element of presenting is simply this: never say a thing if you can ask it. Telling is not selling. A salesperson telling may not be wrong; it’s just that it’s coming from the wrong person (the salesperson). The client should discover the solution for themselves. Use open ended questions to open up conversation, use closed ended questions to narrow the conversation to a concluding close. It’s important to listen to the customer’s unspoken words. Why should I listen to you? What is it? What’s in it for me? So what? Who says so? Who else has done it? The key is mega credibility, such as photos of delighted clients sticking sold stickers on their For Sale boards with their agency’s team. Closing is likened to golf, you ‘drive for show, but you putt for dough’. And objections from the customer are not a bad sign. Objections are good, they indicate interest and you should be excited to receive them. Objections should be received with an acknowledgement and respect of the customers’ feelings and opinions. All objections could be categorised into six groups: price, performance, follow-up service, competition, support, warranties and assurances. Answers to these groups should be bullet proof. Early objections must be found and answered immediately, preferably before the launch of a presentation. It’s no good having these objections rattling around in the minds of prospects during the presentation. Always handle objections diplomatically, such as, â€Å"obviously you have a good reason for saying that. Do you mind if I ask what it is?† Objections are the rungs on the ladder of success. As prospects hesitate or procrastinate the question needs to be asked, â€Å"There seems to be some question in your mind that’s causing you to hesitate about getting started with us today. Do you mind if I ask what it is?† These type of questions need to asked until the client has exhausted all his/her objections. Then it could be said, â€Å"With us now understanding all the facts, would you be ready to go ahead now†? And where people have to refer the decision to a higher authority, â€Å"rather than waste your time tomorrow, let’s makes that a condition of providing our service to you. We’ll write than up exactly as you want to, subject to you speaking with xxx, and at least that way, when won’t be wasting each others time having to go over every all over again another day, you wouldn’t want to have to do that would you?† Sometimes the client simply feel (or thinks) he/she cannot reveal the reasons to not going ahead. So that’s where we use reverse psychology. We get up and leave. We leave them, just get up and say thanks for your time, and say, â€Å"It would really help me with my other customer if I know exactly where I went wrong in my presentation to you.† Some good closes for the how much question include, â€Å"that’s the best part, if we’re not exactly right for you at anytime, then there is no charge†! Keeping in mind that to some clients price is the major factor, so, â€Å"Is price your only concern†, and â€Å"Are you going to make a decision in this areas solely on the basis of price’? Also ask, â€Å"How much too much does it cost?† Followed by, â€Å"isn’t it true you probably get what you paid for†? And â€Å"did you ever get anything cheap that turned out to be good†? Then close with, would you let us handle everything from here† AND remain silent, shut up, locks eyes with the client and remain zipped for easily over five minutes is you have too. Some errors when closing include: arguing, personal opinions, knocking the competition, overselling and assuming too much authority. Some obstacles include: negative expectations, lack of sincerity, being on completely different wavelengths or just simply a personality clash. Buying signals include the client asking for more technical or for finer details about service. The customer’s body language may change to the tea kettle position (that’s a new one) and chin rubbing. Perhaps the client will start calculating numbers or suddenly become friendly. What ever the indications, these are ‘yes’ statements, so they need to be seized upon, that is what the client is asking for. And that basically covers what I found most compelling from chapters one to ten. Finally, â€Å"What’s past is prologue† (Shakespeare). Research Papers on Advanced Selling Strategies - Business 500 Level Book SummaryIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanThe Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on Children

Tokugawa Yoshimune and His Kyoho Reform Research Paper

Tokugawa Yoshimune and His Kyoho Reform - Research Paper Example The major characteristics of the new period were more definitely illustrated than ever before during the Kyoho era, when the general reform initiatives of Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eight shogun, and the difficulties that resulted in to them, took over the scene. The severest of these new difficulties involved the personal finances of the shogunate, which had been unsuccessful in matching national growth. The agricultural production of Japan by the 18th century was approximately 60% more than it had been a hundred years prior; though, on the contrary, the financial status of the central government was dropping annually (Hauser 2010). In a country teeming with all forms of commercial and agricultural enterprise, the central government was plainly not capable of securing enough for its own. According to Hauser (2010), beginning from 1722, having relieved from the possibility of resistance from the Senior Council and strengthened the economy, Tokugawa Yoshimune focused on financial reform. Tokugawa Yoshimune and his Kyoho Reform Tokugawa Yoshimune was born in 1684 in Wakayama, child of a daimyo of Kii. Yoshimune was assigned daimyo of Sabae han thirteen years after, but after the death of his elder brother in 1705 he was relocated to Kii (Hall 1991). In 1716, after the demise of Ietsugu, bakufu heads designated Yoshimune his heir, rewarding Edo a ruler knowledgeable in supervising a large area. The newly assigned shogun did not have any connections in the bakufu, yet he was able to slowly appoint his own people in important positions and by the 1720s was firmly in charge (Hall 1991). Particular attributes of his regime were notable. While Tsunayoshi had conformed to rules based on a powerful principle, Yoshimune moved fluidly in reaction to situations; his flexibility is indicative of the political ideology of Ogyu Sorai (Titsingh 1834). His restructuring started vigilantly, encouraged by problems left by the prior regimes of Tsunayoshi, Ienobu, and Ietsugu, respecti vely. Nevertheless, since the 1720s the array of reform increased significantly in obvious response to the joint effect of recoinage plans previously in force and a wave of social disorder and crop declines (Hall 1991). That enhanced array, which marked the 1720s the glory days of the Kyoho reform, engaged the bakufu more profoundly into public and political administration than ever before. Governing the vast, intricate, environmentally limited, and highly monetized civilization of 18th-century Japan was extremely difficult. In 1728, after attaining the zenith of progress, Yoshimune committed a number of years to combating unforgiving agricultural problems, the Kyoho food crisis, and uncontrolled fluctuations of the price of rice that seriously upset samurai way of life (Hall 1991). The difficulties pushed Yoshimune to reevaluate core strategies and in 1736 to enforce a major change in monetary policy. The change led to a 15-year phase of governmental strength that was attained in s pite of, or, more accurately, at the cost of, long-term agricultural failure. The economic troubles of the government was very severe, and a solution had to be determined at once to ease the hardship. The shogunate, in 1722, informed the daimyo about its problems and obliged them to bring in rice to its stockrooms at the pace of ‘one hundred koku for each ten thousand koku of domain assessment’ (Hall 1991, 449)—koku is a Japanese term for ‘

Global & International Business Contexts (Chilean wine industry) Essay

Global & International Business Contexts (Chilean wine industry) - Essay Example The highly competitive environment in the telecommunication sector has led to low pricing of the communication services that has reduce the cost of the business infrastructure for companies in Chilean markets (William,  Beaujanot  and  Zuniga, 2010). The administrative infrastructure has also been favourable for quick registrations reduced the time of obtaining licences for the new companies entering the wine industry (Rugman and Collison, 2012). The physical infrastructure in Chile supports the growth of wine industry as the country has high efficient air port and sea port facilities to support the distribution of wine. The government has always encouraged development of skills of the available manpower. This has been advantageous for the Chilean wine industry as the efficiency of the workforce is closely linked to the business output (Wines of Chile, 2013). The weakness of the Chilean conditions lay in the lack of good quality of education at various levels in the education s ystem. The government has been coordinating for laying the infrastructure of proper training and development, specialized training for certain industries like the wine industry to provide favourable business environment for the investors. The wine industry of Chile, however, faces the risk of natural disaster like earthquake, volcanoes, etc. Due to these disasters, the wine industry has faced million dollar losses as a result of the damages on the physical infrastructure like the airports, transport facilities, etc. However, the overall industry environment supports adequate level of production to meet the export requirements of the wine industry. The foreign currency regulation is weak in Chile due to which the wine... The strategies and the rivalry prevailing among the wine producers in the Chilean wine markets are also important for analysing the Chilean wine industry. The level of competition in the Chilean wine industry in quite healthy in nature that has the objective of producing quality wine products for supplying to the customers in domestic and foreign markets (Jenster, Hayes and Smith, 2005). The Chilean wine industry has witnessed strong regional competition among the wine producers. Due to the high prospects and the lucrative business opportunities in the wine industry of Chile, there have been foreign direct investments in this sector. The foreign investors have increased their presence in the Chilean wine industry thereby increasing the competition for the production of good quality of wine at competitive prices. The instances of joint ventures have also been noticed in the wine industry. The joint venture between Err azuriz and Mondavi is an example. Thus the competitive rivalry in t he wine industry has been quite intense which led to the increase in performance of wine production and supply over the years. The areas of weakness of the wine industry are also important to analyse the investment proposal of the new business. The wine industry of Chile lacks in the area of governance among the wine producers and suppliers operating in the market (Visser and Langen, 2006). The wine producers and the suppliers lack mutual trust among each other. The practise of copying the marketing and distribution styles of other players has been observed. The Chilean wine industry has shown signs of regional differentiation.

Was Ronald Reagan a Good President Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Was Ronald Reagan a Good President - Assignment Example Believing this view is subject to failure to realize the key achievement of the former president. 2. Crime: His address at the International Chiefs of Police did not go well with most people as he claimed that crime was a personal choice as opposed to the view that it was a means to survival for some people. His attitude failed in the realization of the real effect of crime in the society leading to wastage of funds in the fight against crime and drug abuse. 3. Defense: During his tenure at the oval office, Reagan increased the budgetary allocation on defense for a period of six consecutive years. This led to a lot of expenditure on defense leading to wastage of public funds and construction of unnecessary demands. The security challenges that were facing the United States at that time were very real and disastrous if they were to manifest. Massive expenditure in the military was thus the best idea in a bid to ensure the nation.

Community Colleges vs College Universites- Compare Contrast Essay Example for Free

Community Colleges vs College Universites- Compare Contrast Essay When graduating high school many students are concerned with choices they have to make as to which college they would like to attend. Some may have more options than others that have to be considered as far as their lifestyle, current jobs, other responsibilities they may have, personality and their academic goals. Choosing a college can be quite difficult. You can either decide on a college university or the local community colleges in your area. Community colleges are smaller than universities. Students will find them to have fewer enrollments which mean smaller classroom sizes. They have a better chance of getting hands on learning, asking more questions and learning course material better. Community colleges have strong advising systems and the advisers know their students well. The courses are usually taught by professors unlike some universities whose courses may taught by grad students. Small colleges as these do not offer near as many courses or academic programs as universities. Tuition at community colleges are so much more cheaper than universities, you may have tuition as much as $3,500. 00 to 5,500. 00 at community colleges versus $30,000. 00 to $50,000. 00 at universities and that itself is a great deal to consider. Another great thing about attending a local community college in your area is that most people can drive back and forth from their own home. They do not have to worry about dorm cost or finding apartments to rent when going away to college universities. College Universities may be for you if you’re interested in having much more degree programs to choose from, if you’re a go getter, not afraid to speak up for yourself and take advantage of opportunities. You may also want to attend a university if you are ready to get away and adventure out from your hometown and meet a whole new diversity of thousands of people. If attending a university you can expect a much higher number of students than a community college. Universities have a wide range of majors and class courses. They tend to have better stocked libraries for all of your researching needs. A lot of students choose universities because of the more programs that are offered and they feel when graduating from a university it looks a lot better having a diploma from a university than community college when applying for a job you have majored in. They also like the fact that there are many activities and a large number of sporting events. They also have a chance to break free and are not tied down at home with their parents. Succeeding at a university requires knowing what areas or subjects you are interested in and motivated about pursuing. Class sizes can contain up to hundreds of students and with that many people in one classroom it can be very hard to keep focus, ask questions and get hands on learning like you can at community colleges. Some students love the environment and find it exciting with that many students but on the other hand others feel depressed and overwhelmed because they may not be able to ask questions and find out the exact information they need to learn. Students who attend universities can be ready to hit the books hard each week and be sure to have a lot of study time. Professors are going to expect a great deal of their students and pile a lot of work on them at one time because they are considered as top-notch schools and they want their students to be well educated and really know the material. It can be very stressful for students who work jobs while in college but they have to make money and support themselves some way or another. Even though universities require a lot of work, students still find time to participate in extracurricular activities such as student organizations or community services. Some even join fraternities and sororities. Universities are likely to have great athletic teams and have a NCAA Divisions with games that are on television. Students love to support their college by wearing school colors on game day and attending all of their games whether they are home or away. Students enjoy the tailgating and party time that comes along with the games, too! Students will either live on the college campus or just a short distance off campus. Most students who stay in dorms have roommates. Some may know their roommates and others may be complete strangers and it can be very uncomfortable for them until they learn who and what kind of person they are. You must expect to sleep in the same room as your roommate, share the bathroom and have no privacy. It’s takes a lot amount of time to get from one place to another on a college university campus because of the number of students. You can expect a rush during lunch hour and a timely wait. There will also be very long lines when trying to register for classes and buying books. It’s up to the person where they choose to attend college. Community colleges and Universities can be very similar but again it’s a whole new world especially when living on a University Campus.

Illegal Immigration into The United States of America :: Immigration Immigrants Persuasive Essays

Immigration, legal or otherwise, is a huge issue right now. Debates rage about how many immigrants should be allowed into the country and how zealously we should guard our border from illegal intruders. To a point, these people are correct, illegal immigration is something that should be stopped. People should not cross the border illegally or overstay on visits. The important question is, however, does illegal immigration deserve the massive amount of attention it receives? No, it does not. By looking at the respected immigrants of the past and thinking about the issues in a clear and objective way, it becomes apparent that illegal immigration (and legal immigration, for that matter) is not as vital an issue as many consider it to be. A key point in this discussion is that many of those who are vehemently opposed to illegal immigration are also opposed to large amounts of legal immigration as well. These thinly hidden agendas mean that often the debate on illegal immigration cannot be separated from the debate on legal immigration. According to Negative Population Growth (which is a suspect source), Americans are firmly believe in tough laws against illegal immigrants and that 70% of Americans want no more than 300,000 legal immigrants to enter the U.S. per year. In fact, N.P.G. says that 20% of Americans want immigration completely stopped. Taking these numbers as the truth, it is clear that America thinks that we have too many immigrants. Such a dislike of immigration is interesting considering the success of past immigration. Many people would say that today's immigrants are somehow different than those of the past. However, the truth is that the similarities between the immigrants of today and those of the past are numerous. Their reasons for coming to this country are often similar. Many of the immigrants of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were compelled to leave their homes by the rapidly changing nature of their countries. In the Europe of the 19th century, this meant quickly growing population and a rapidly industrializing economy. In nations like Mexico and Vietnam, the same thing is happening today, they "are undergoing the same convulsive demographic and economic disruptions that made migrants out of so many nineteenth century Europeans" (Kennedy p.64). Those who are against the immigration of the 1990's also say that the European immigrants of the past were culturally similar to Americans, and that they were more willing to assimilate and become "American." Neither of these things are true. Old immigrant groups like the Italians and may be seen as generically "white" and "American" now, but when they first began moving to the

Black Bourgeoisie Reading Response :: Free Essay Writer

Black Bourgeoisie Reading Response In the first section of Frazier’s Black Bourgeoisie, â€Å"The World of Reality†, Frazier introduces his discussion of the interplay of class and race. He outlines the historical roots of the social place of most African-Americans in the U.S.A. and that of the black middle class. Frazier asserts the inconsequential place of middle class African-Americans and their resulting inferiority complex. He depicts the black middle class as living in a â€Å"no man’s land† in the dominant white culture of America. Frazier begins a more detailed explanation of his theories by discussing the place of the black bourgeoisie in the political and power structures of America. He contends that the black middle class has no real power in America at this time. He attributes the appearance of power to the fact that the members of the black bourgeoisie hold strategic positions in the segregated community. However, he maintains that all of these â€Å"power† positions still feed into the white power structure. Next, he discusses the break with traditional African-American culture. According to Frazier, the black middle class has abandoned the folk culture of â€Å"the black masses† in favor of shell of the middle class white world that rejected them. Therefore, the black bourgeoisie lives in what Frazier calls a cultural vacuum, disdainful of the culture of most African-Americans, dismissed by the white middle class culture. Finally, Frazier discusses the result of this displacement on the black middle class. Because the black bourgeoisie buys into the ideals of white America more and is simultaneously more exposed to its hostility, their sense of inferiority is compounded. They seek to fill this void in two ways.

The Marvelous Meaning of the Scarlet Letter

Life today has changed remarkably from life in the 1800s. During the colonial period, less than 11. 1% of births occurred within the first nine months of marriage. A reported 95% of Americans today have had premarital sex. In today’s society, premarital sex is not considered a sin to most people. In the 1800s, it was a different story. In the novel The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne was found guilty of adultery, branded with a scarlet A, and shunned by the town–an extreme punishment by modern standards.This A that Hester was forced to embroider onto all of her clothing symbolized not only her sin, but the A also held meaning for other characters. It represented the guilt of the man with whom Hester committed adultery: Reverend Dimmesdale. Hester never revealed his identity to the town, and Dimmesdale felt as if he could not confess his sin. Dimmesdale was consumed with penitence, marking himself with an A of his own. Pearl, Hester’s daughter , was another character who found meaning in the scarlet letter, however hers was much different from either Hester’s or Dimmesdale’s.Pearl was the product of her parents’ sin. She was the scarlet letter. For Pearl, the scarlet letter symbolizes life, and she did not understand why it caused her mother so much shame. Essentially, the symbolism of the scarlet letter changed over the course of the novel from something negative, epitomizing shame and sin, to something positive, representing absolution and vitality. The scarlet letter most obviously symbolizes Hester’s sin: adultery. She was forced to wear it as punishment, a cruel reminder of her immorality.Hester had to make the letter herself, so instead of letting it define her, she made it beautiful: â€Å"On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold thread, appeared the letter A. It was so artistically done, and with so much fert ility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy, that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore†¦ but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony† (37). The fact that she embroidered the letter so delicately and so beautifully completely destroyed the purpose for wearing it.In this way, the scarlet letter represents Hester’s independence and free will. Despite the fact that Hester was able to defy the town in that small way, the townspeople saw a different meaning of the scarlet letter. Instead of simply symbolizing the sin of adultery, the town allowed the letter to symbolize Hester herself. When they looked at her, they saw not a human being, not Hester Prynne, but they saw â€Å"a living sermon against sin, until the ignominious letter be engraved upon her tombstone† (44). The town used Hester and the scarlet A to strike fear into their children, to warn them against the sin of adultery.The letter cloaked Hester Prynne. However, the town’s view of Hester changed, thus altering the symbolic meaning of the scarlet letter. Hester never offered â€Å"irritation or irksomeness. She never battled with the public, but submitted uncomplainingly to its worst usage† (110). She helped those in need and was always there to offer a helping hand. Most people in the town had no choice but to â€Å"refuse to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification. † The A no longer exemplified adultery, but rather it represented â€Å"able.† The town acknowledged Hester’s strength, which was what managed to change the symbolism of the A. While Hester Prynne was embracing the A, Reverend Dimmesdale was struggling to escape his own scarlet letter. Dimmesdale was respected and admired by the town, which caused him extreme guilt. He watched as Hester was publicly humiliated, yet he felt as if he could not confess because of his occupation. He was afraid of the â€Å"light his vague confession would be viewed† (99) by the town. He would be refused as a minister, and seen as the â€Å"remorseful hypocrite that he was† (99).Dimmesdale became so consumed with his guilt and shame, that he became physically ill. The A represented his self-punishment, which was worse than if he had confessed publicly. In fact, Dimmesdale envied the ease with which Hester dealt with her scarlet letter so much that he confessed to her how much his secret burned within him: â€Å"Happy you, Hester, that wear the scarlet letter openly upon your bosom! Mine burns in secret! Thou little knowest what a relief it is, after the torment of a seven years’ cheat, to look into an eye that recognizes me for what I am† (131).Dimmesdale was forced to live with the guilt of his misdeed, whereas Hester did not have to hide what she had done. The scarlet letter represented his sin as much as it represented hers, only he could not confess his. When he was with Hester, he felt relief because Hester knew the truth about what he had done. It is when Dimmesdale finally confessed to his sin and claimed Pearl as his daughter that he was able to let go of his guilt, changing what the scarlet letter meant to him. He revealed his involvement with Hester by telling the town to â€Å"look again at Hester’s scarlet letter!He tells you that, with all its mysterious horror, it is but the shadow of what he bears on his own breast, and that even this, his own red stigma, is no more than the type of what has seared his inmost heart† (174). Dimmesdale removed his shirt to reveal an A, marked onto his own chest, whether by Dimmesdale’s own hand, or by the hand of God. For him, the confession freed him of his guilt and shame, allowing him to forgive himself. The scarlet letter that once symbolized his sin, represented his courage to confess and his ability to finally forgive himself.Dimmesdale died after that, because the rel ease of his grip on the scarlet letter that tortured him, allowed him to release his grip on a life that which was haunted by his sin. A character with a unique perspective in the novel, as well as an interesting perception of scarlet letter was the product of the sin–Pearl. The scarlet letter ultimately symbolized the life and love of Pearl. She was pure and had the ability to see the true selves of others, which she understood when she said â€Å"Come away, mother! Come away, or yonder Black Man will catch you! He hath got hold of the minister already.Come away, mother, or he will catch you! But he cannot catch little Pearl† (92). She knew that Dimmesdale had sinned, although she did not know what the sin was, and she knew that she was innocent and pure, and could not be touched by sin. Although the meaning of the scarlet letter did not change much for Pearl, exactly what it meant to her shone brightly through the words on the pages. Pearl knew that â€Å"the great letter A† (122) had given life to her. Hester thought that Pearl did not know what the letter meant, because of the fact that Pearl constantly asked her mother for the meaning of the A.Perhaps Pearl’s innocence kept her from seeing the sin that both her mother and Dimmesdale had committed, but it is clear when Hester asked Pearl if she knew what the letter meant, that Pearl indeed understood it represented sin: â€Å"It is for the same reason that the minister keeps his hand over his heart† (122). Since Pearl was able to sense the wrongdoing of others, she knew that Hester’s physical scarlet letter embroidered on her bosom and Dimmesdale’s internal scarlet letter seared into his chest were both results of sin.She could not grasp that her mother’s letter meant anything atrocious because it was so familiar to her; she had lived her entire life seeing the letter upon her mother’s chest. To Pearl, the A represented her mother and their lif e together. In the end of the novel, the scarlet letter appeared to represent perhaps the most important element of The Scarlet Letter: Family. Hester and Dimmesdale struggled throughout the book to forgive each other and forgive themselves. They were not able to join together as one unit, protecting and loving their daughter, Pearl.Both characters sought to find meaning from the scarlet letter, aside from the negative one bound to it by the town. However, as Dimmesdale built the courage to confess his sin of adultery, he was able to let go of his guilt and accept Pearl. The A indeed might have represented an A for â€Å"able. † For, even though the town had â€Å"doomed Mistress Prynne†¦for the remainder of her natural life, to wear a mark of shame upon her bosom† (43), and Dimmesdale suffered from the weight of shame, they were able to overcome the stigma of the scarlet letter and bring life to the marvelous meaning of the scarlet letter: Love.

Developing Coaching Skills

Developing Coaching Skills Introduction Coaching can be described as the art of developing the performance, learning and development of another person. It involves unlocking the capabilities of another person in order for him to improve his performance. It bridges the gap between, about performing and performing a certain activity.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Developing Coaching Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is about performing a certain activity through assistance from another person with the experience of that activity who will challenge and offer guidance. It is a continuous operation where the coaches stays with the client, and guides him or her in acquiring new skills and achieves the set goals. It is about achieving goals, and assisting clients on the way of solving problems. It can be described as the structured process management focusing in goals and objectives (Lawson and Miller 57). Developing coaching skills i n the work place Coaching is a leadership style where managers motivate employees to achieve their goals. Managers and leaders use coaching technique to motivate workers and generate better performance. Leaders with appropriate coaching skills usually motivate workers which lead to increased productivity. It is a leadership style which suit many workers in different circumstances. Developing coaching skills in the work place involves improving leadership in the organization through talent management and leadership development. There are two different styles of coaching, which can be developed, directive coaching and non-directive coaching styles. Directive coaching focuses on a certain skill for the employee, to be developed into a higher level. This involves developing a specific skill to achieve a specific objective in a certain period of time. For instance, the managers may coach workers on the performance appraisal technique which requires specific skills. After the coaching pro cess, the workers are able to transfer the knowledge to the customers (Lawson and Miller 72). Non directive coaching occurs usually on a daily basis, where employees are informed about rules and regulations by the human resources department. This involves human resource department answering questions raised by the employees.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coaching plays a key role in enhancing the overall employee’s competencies. This helps in achieving the organization’s goals and development of individual knowledge and skill. Coaching helps the employees of an organization to have appositive attitude towards their work, and this leads to achievement targets and objectives. It also helps them to discuss how coaching can be used to achieve overall goals, and objectives of an organization. It helps the managers to establish a training plan for de veloping skills, and knowledge of the workers in order, to achieve the organization’s objectives. Coaching human resource professionals involve classroom based programs that provide coaching skills for managers and senior executives. Coaching workshops helps in developing coaching skills to the general audience; it may also target internal coaches in the human resource department. Most organizations develop coaching skills to achieve awareness, responsibility and self belief of the employees. Development of coaching skills in the work place helps in equipping line managers with coaching expertise. This leads to broadening of their leadership abilities and their performance, which improves the overall performance of the organization (Stoltzfus 137). Development of coaching can be achieved in a couple of days, but it takes sometimes to perfect the art of coaching. Developing coaching skills should take sometime in order to review success and learn from tough activities. It shou ld also include a lot of practice as practice makes perfect. Development of coaching skills should involve several line managers, who will support each other support in the process. The organization should ensure that the development of coaching skills is in line with the company’s priorities. The objectives of coaching should also be relevant to the individual needs of the employees. The human resource department should be involved in the early stages of coaching development. This helps in defining goals and objectives of coaching. Human resources department may also want to integrate development of coaching skills with other activities. In the process of developing coaching skills, the organization should set goals, determines the progress before after development (Kimsey 125).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Developing Coaching Skills specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Development programme should be de signed to meet the needs, and circumstance of the team. The first thing is to identify the problem in the organization that coaching skills will help solve. After identify the challenge, determine the managers who can help in developing coaching skills. Depending on the size of the organization, all the managers may be involved at once. If all managers cannot be involved at once, then the senior managers should start. After establishing, the managers to be involved meet with the designers of the programme, and design the programme, which meets the needs of the workers (Williams 215). Using coaching style to improve performance in the workplace Coaching is a leadership style used by managers, to improve performance in the work place, and to achieve the organization’s objectives. Coaching technique is usually applied by the line manager who is the coach. The worker or the employee being coached is the coachee. The line managers have a direct relationship with the coachee and un derstand each other in the coaching lessons. He sets targets, goals and objectives to be attained by the coachee. The line manager will evaluate the progress of the coachee in the coaching sessions and appraise success. The coach will fast track on all the targets, and objectives set by the both parties. The line manager also evaluates the annual performance management system. The line manager may also decide not to have a direct relation with the employee (Beth 215). In this case, the line manager will set defined targets and objectives. There will be official communication between the coach and the employee. The line manager will establish the training needs and enhance knowledge and skills to the worker. He will also set a time frame for the employee to meet the specific objectives. The coach may decide to adopt several models to enhance the coaching style. For example, GROW model (I), which enhances, the coach and the worker to have a better understanding about a problem and fin ding solutions to such a problem (Kimsey 135).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Co-active coaching is where there is active participation in the coaching process between the coach and the client. Behavioral coaching may also be applied; in this case focus is to the behavior of the client rather than his inner goals and motivation. Developmental coaching identifies stages of development, and the coaching depends on the development stage of a person. This is an assumption that behavior is learnt, and it can be improved or changed. The coach may also apply some coaching techniques to improve performance in the work place. For example defining and communicating the organization values. This is a communication technique which starts from the top management, and goes down to all workers. This ensures that all workers uphold general values and adhere to the important values of the organization. He should have excellent communication skills to, communicate to employees, and answer all their questions. The manager may also use the transparent communication technique. Th is involves engagement of employees in managerial activities. It is necessary for the manager to apply this technique as it implies trust, which will improve the overall performance of the organization (Beth 225). Implementing coaching in an organization Organizations willing to implement successful coaching need to consider the most fundamental objectives of managers. Important objectives, such as enhanced leadership skills, and self awareness should be considered. There are several ways in which coaching can be implemented in the work place. Personal coaching, this is where senior managers have an external coach. In this case, an individual may listen directly to the coach and learn skills and knowledge to improve performance. He may also discuss the coaching session with the coach and evaluate the benefits of coaching. The person can also enhance communication, and present skills through directly negotiating with the coach. This will help the person to communicate the skills bett er to the end user. Organizational coaching involves group of managers who work collectively within one coach. This may be implemented through the establishment of a competency development framework (Stoltzfus 142). The frame work will enhance staff development through coaching. Coaching may also be implemented through improving the overall performance management system. In this case, a system is put in place, to monitor the overall performance of the organization. The system will enhance achievement of the overall organization achievement. It can also be implemented through creating the performance management culture among employees in the organization. This will enable employees to have a positive attitude towards achieving organization objectives. Coaching may also be implemented through peer coaching. This is where employees at the same organizational level coach each other. It is developed within programs in management institutes and then applied in organizations. It helps in d eveloping a group of associates, who work interdependently to solve professional problems (Stoltzfus 147). Organizations may also use different approaches to implement coaching in the work place. For instance, succession planning, this involves introducing the succession planning process to the top management. The top management will communicate about the plan to all the other employees. The establishment of a work force to ensure that the plan is agreed. The line manager and the training department provide a report to the work force to ensure the plan is implemented as per the agreement (Whitmore 167). Conclusion Coaching is an art because it requires high levels of inner awareness and external commitment. It is also a science as it involves understanding of the human mind. It involves unlocking the capabilities of another person to optimize his or her own potential. It bridges the gap between thinking about doing something and doing it. It involves performing a certain activity th rough the assistance of another person. Today, coaching is a leadership style used by managers, to enhance achievement of organization objectives by employees. Coaches work with leaders and managers, to develop leadership skills and encourage them to lead by example. Coaching is developed in the work place, to help improve the performance of employees. This leads to the overall organization performance improvement. Coaching for skills helps the managers to acquire specific skills over a period of several months. Coaching for performance helps the manager to be effective in his current position. Coaching for development helps in enhancing the manager’s competency. Finally, coaching for the executive agenda is concerned with issues surrounding the manager such as company downsizing (Stoltzfus 152). Beth, Mary. Executive coaching with backbone and heart. Chicago: Jossey-Bass, 2007.Print. Kimsey, Karen. Co-active coaching:Changing business. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing, 2 011.Print. Lawson, Karen and Karen Miller. Improved workplace performance through coaching.  Chicago: Amer Media Inc, 2006.Print Stoltzfus, Tony. Leadership coaching. Chicago: BookSurge Publishing, 2005.Print. Whitmore, John. Coaching for performance. New York: Nicholas Brealey, 2009.Print. Williams, Patrick. Becoming a professional life coach. New York: W.W.Norton Company, 2007.Print.